The Present Perfect Tense

 

The present perfect tense

The present perfect tense is used to express an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or that has a continuing effect. In this respect, it differs from the Past tense.

The following structures are used:

Subject + have/has + V3 + …
Subject+ haven't/hasn't+V3+...
Have/Has + Subject + V3+...
Where/what/which + have/has + subject + V3…

EXAMPLE:

• I have just eaten, so I am not hungry.

• I have lived in Athens for 5 years

What is Arabica coffee?

...Arabica beans are deemed to have a superior taste. The coffee is grown in the mountains and accounts for over 60% of the world's coffee production.

Arabica has limited resilience to climate change; farmers are already experiencing the impacts of elevated temperatures and low or erratic rainfall.
Other threats to coffee production include price fluctuations, pests and diseases, and extreme weather.
The vast majority of wild coffee grows in the remote forests of Africa and on the island of Madagascar. Beyond Africa, wild coffee is found in other tropical climates, including parts of India, Sri Lanka, and Australia...

Briggs, H. (January 23, 2024). New coffee genetic map promises better brews. bbc.com, https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68062130